Livello due. martedì, il ventidue settembre. Prima Lezione.
Level two. Tuesday, September 22, 2008. First lesson.
- Compiti (homework) is at the bottom of this page
____________________________________________________
- If the noun is masculine, it will (almost always) end in o or e (ragazzo, signore).
- If the noun is feminine, it will (almost always) end in a or e (ragazza, chiave).
To make a noun plural you (almost always) change the last letter:
-
- o changes to i (masculine) ragazzo > ragazzi
- e changes to i (mas. or fem.) signore > signori chiave > chiavi
- a changes to e (feminine) ragazza > ragazze
- o changes to i (masculine) ragazzo > ragazzi
- "C'è and ci sono" vs. "Ecco" : (page 35)
C'è means "there is" or "is there?"
C'è un ristorante qui vicino? (Is there a restaurant nearby?)
Ci sono means "there are" or "are there?"
Ci sono molte piazze a Roma. (There are many piazzas in Rome)
Ecco means "here is", singular or plural. Use it when you want to draw attention to something. And it doesn't take a verb.
- Ecco mio fratello! (Here's my brother!)
- Ecco due quadri famosi! (Here are two famous paintings!)
- Indefinite article: "a, an" (page 53)
To use an indefinite article you will use either un, uno, una, or un’ before a singular noun, depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine, and what letter the noun starts with.
|
un ragazzo |
una ragazza |
|
un amico |
un’amica |
|
uno studente |
una studentessa |
- Verbi: Click here for the audio version there are three types of regular verbs in italian, defined by their endings: -are, -ere, and -ire.
The -are verbs. (page 76) Take the infinitive: example - parlare (to speak).
The stem is parl- and the ending is -are
Take the stem, and change the endings for each person, in this pattern:
So, for example, the regular -are verb parlare (to speak) is conjugated:
The regular -are verb aspettare (to wait for) is conjugated:
- - Verbi: "-ere" verbs. (page 99)
- For regular -ere verbs, take the stem, and change the endings for each person, in this pattern:
- -o___________-iamo
- -i___________-ete
- -e__________-ono
- so, for example, leggere is conjugated:
- leggo _________leggiamo
- leggi__________ leggete
- legge__________leggono
- - Verbi: "-ire" verbs. (page 154) The regular -ire verbs are conjugated two different ways:
- partire (to depart)
- parto, parti, parte. partiamo, partite, partono.
- finire (to finish)
- finisco, finisci, finisce. finiamo, finite, finiscono.
- _
- The tense that we are learning is the present indicative. For all verbs in Italian, the present indicative is used extensively, and can be translated into English in several ways.
- Let's take one verb as an example:
- The phrase in English, "I am buying..." is expressed in Italian by just one word: "Compro..."
- You can get into trouble if you try to translate word by word from English into Italian. Sometimes just one Italian word takes the place of several words in English.
- The word "Compro..." can mean "I am buying..." or "I buy..." or "I will buy" or "I do buy..." depending on the context.
- For regular -ere verbs, take the stem, and change the endings for each person, in this pattern:
- io_____I
- tu_____you (familiar)
- lui_____he
- lei_____she
- Lei_____you (formal)
- _
- noi_____we
- voi_____you (plural)
- loro____they
- Loro___you (plural, very formal. This is so formal, we won't be practicing it.)
- In Italian sentences, you will rarely use subject pronouns! You will simply use the verb, and its conjugation lets you know who is doing the action:
- Abbiamo soldi. - We have money.
- Sono contenta. - I am happy.
- Siete americani. - You are Americans.
- click here for an audio page of "possessivi" vocabulary
- Di chi è questo?______- Whose is this?
- È di Vernio.______- It's Vern's.
- Di chi sono questi?______- Whose are these?
- Sono di Elaine.______- They are Elaine's.
- Dov'è il mio passaporto?______- Where is my passport?
- Ecco il suo passaporto.______- Here is your passport. (formal)
- Dove sono le nostre valige?______- Where are our bags?
- Ecco le vostre valige.______- Here are your bags.
- Chi ha i soldi di Giuseppe?______- Who has Giuseppe's money?
- Ho i suoi soldi.______- I have his money.
-
- ______________________________________________
- -Handouts
- Here is a list of the handouts you should have from class.
- ______________________________________________
- From the first class session, September 22:
- 1. purple: "Su e giù" (above and below)
- 2. white: "Al bar"
- ______________________________________________
- -Compiti
- 1. Possessive adjectives. Practice set 88. page 223. Do parts A, B, C, D, E, and F. Note that part D is in the past tense, but you can still fill in the possessive.
- 2. C'è and Ci sono. Handout number 1. Write out at least three more things that you see in the pictures. Use "C'è..." for singular and "Ci sono" for plural.
- 3. Handout "Al Bar." Match the food or drink with the picture, and write the correct form of the indefinite article which goes in front of the noun.
- 4. Optional reading. "Al Bar" handout number 2.
- 5. (Optional). Essere, avere and stare. Practice Set 13.
- 6. Modal verbs. Memorize the conjugations of the three modal verbs listed in the book on page 190, and click here for audio.
- 7. Memorize the conjugations of essere, avere, stare, plus the conjugation patterns of the regular verbs(-are, -ere, -ire).
- 8. Translate these sentences into English:
- 1. purple: "Su e giù" (above and below)
- (on the phone) C'è Maria?
- (on the phone) No, Non c'è.
- Ecco la casa di Giorgio!
- Dove sono i libri di Diana?
- Ci sono due libri qui.
-
-