-Combined prepositions: I want you to start hearing how these change, depending on the verb and the noun.

i.e. Which verbs require which prepositions. Which situations require an article.

Here are just a few of the many ways to use combined prepositions.

Vado often takes a plus an article: I go to the...

• Vado alla spiaggia. - (I go to the beach) or (I am going to the beach)
• Vado all'albergo. - I'm going to the hotel.
• Vado al cinema. - I'm going to the cinema.
• Vado al parco. - I'm going to the park.
• Vado alla stazione. - I'm going to the station.
• Vado alle dieci. - I'm going at ten o'clock.
• Vado a Firenze. (city doesn't take the article) - I'm going to Florence.

Entro takes in , often with an article: I go into the...

• Entro nel museo.
• Entro nello stadio.
• Entro nell'ufficio.
• Entro nel negozio.
• Entro nella banca.

Vengo can take da , often with an article: I'm coming from... (or) I come from...

• Vengo dalla stazione. - I'm coming from the station.
• Vengo dagli Stati Uniti. - I come from the United States. (or) I'm coming from the United States.
• Vengo dall'Italia. - I come from Italy. (or) I'm coming from Italy.
• Vengo dalla Francia. - I come from France. (or) I'm coming from France.
• Vengo da Firenze. (city doesn't take the article) - I come from Florence. (or) I'm coming from Florence.

Remember, when you're going to a country, the preposition is in

When you're going to a city, the preposition is a

Vado in Italia. Vado a Roma.

Vado in Canada. Vado a Toronto.

_

a + il = al

Vado al ristorante. - I'm going to the restaurant.

_

da + il = dal

Il treno parte dal terzo binario. - The train leaves from the third track.

_

su + la = sulla

Il libro è sulla tavola. - The book is on the table.

_

in + l' = nell'

Vado nell'Italia del Sud. - I'm going to southern Italy.

_

Exceptions: there are many common set phrases which do not take a combined preposition + article! Mostly with in and a.

Here are some common ones:

Sono in centro. - I'm downtown. "...in centro" is a set phrase. You just have to memorize it.

Vado in montagna. - I'm going to the mountains. "...in montagna" is a set phrase.

...in cucina - in the kitchen

...in sala da pranzo - in the dining room (and other rooms of the house)

...in biblioteca - to/in the library

...in banca - to/in the bank

...in farmacia - to/in the pharmacy

...in campagna - in the countryside

...in chiesa - to/in the church

...in piazza - to/in the piazza

...in ufficio - to/in the office

...in città - to/in the city

...a casa - to/in the house

...a letto - to/in bed

...a teatro - to/in the theater

...a cena - to dinner

...a scuola - to/in school

_

Attenzione: if you make your sentence more specific, you will use the combined article:

Vado in biblioteca.

Vado nella biblioteca comunale.

Sono in ufficio.

Sono nell'ufficio del direttore.

_

It is not a big mistake if you do not make this distinction in conversation.

-Sapere means "to know how..." or "to know..." a fact.

-Conoscere means "to know or be familiar with..." something or someone, or "to meet..." someone for the first time.

sapere

so__________sappiamo

sai_________sapete

sa__________sanno

conosco _________conosciamo

conosci__________conoscete

conosce__________conoscono

______________________________________________

-Handouts

Here is a list of the handouts you should have from class. All of these are double-sided.

From the first class session, June 24:

1. white: "Alfabeto e suoni" (the alphabet and pronunciation) (2-page handout)

2. ivory: "Numeri da uno a cento" (numbers from one to 100)

3. green: "Buongiorno! (How to ask for something)" (four dialogs on the front, "Vita Italiana" on the back)

4. green: Dialogs 5 through 11.

5. green: Homework exercises 1,2,3,4. And on the back, exercises 1,2,3,4,6 and a map.

6. blue: "More basic expressions (How to ask for something) Scusi..."

7. blue: "Dove..." and, on the back, "Places"

Handouts from the second class session, July 1:

8. yellow: "Avere idioms"

9. gold: "The verbs andare, dare, fare, stare"

10. green: "Dov'è: How to ask where something is" (dialogs 1 through 5)

11. purple: Two-way translation which starts: "Scusi, c'è un bagno qui?" and a "matching" exercise on the back.

Handouts from the third class session, July 8:

12. blue: "To ask the price of..." and, on the back "Parole da ricordare: Al Negozio"

13. white: (with drawings) "1. Uno Prima lezione. Ecco una casa..."

14. pink: (with drawings) "1. A. Rispondete alle domande..."

15. ivory: "1. Scusi, dov'è la stazione Termini?" and, on the back "What are you (tu) doing?"

16. pink: 2 stapled sheets. "Regular verbs" and "Top 50 verbs"

17. white: "Read the passage about cafés in Italy..." (with drawings of food items)

Handouts from the fourth class session, July 15:

18. blue: "L'orario". On the front is a word list to memorize this week's homework.

19. green: "Lucia has to go to Padua..." dialog and exercises.

20. blue: "Le parole per i viaggiatori".

21. pink: "Che ora è? Che ore sono?"

22. yellow: "Se vuoi chiedere qualcosa..."

23. purple: "Alla Fiera dell'Est." (lyrics to the song by Angelo Branduardi)

Handouts from the fifth class session, July 22:

24. purple: "Ci vuole un fiore" (lyrics to the song by Sergio Endrigo)

25. blue: "Avete una camera?" words to use at the hotel

26. yellow: prepositions