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	*Level One, Tuesday April 22, 2008 ___________Quarta Lezione (fourth lesson)* *-Compiti (homework) is at the bottom of this page* ___________________________________________ -*What we did in class:* *-Ti presento.* An easy way to introduce someone. (See Page 30.) *Ti presento Mario. (familiar) -* To you, I present Mario. *Le presento Mario. (formal) -* To you, I present Mario. *Vi presento Mario. (plural) -* To you all (formal or familiar), I present Mario. *Questo è Mario.* *Questa è Gina.* *Questi sono Mario è Luigi.* *Queste sono Gina è Luigina.* *Piacere!* *Il piacere è mio!* *Il pacere è tutto mio!* -Polite expressions: Scusi. Permesso. S'accomodi. Cin cin. (ecc.) Page 63. *-D'accordo?* Page 65 *-We reviewed the definite article "the"(also on page 66, 67, 68 in your book) The definite article agrees with its noun in number and gender: il (the) is used with masculine, singular nouns: il ragazzo.* la (the) is used with feminine singular nouns: la ragazza. l' (the) is used instead of il or la when the next word begins with a vowel: l'amico, l'amica, l'americano, l'americana. lo (the) is used with masculine nouns which begin with s plus consonant, or with z, or with y:lo specchio, lo studente, lo zero. i is the plural of il. i ragazzi. le is the plural of la. le ragazze. *gli* is the plural of l' (before a masculine noun). gli amici. gli americani. le is the plural of l' (before a feminine noun). le amiche. le americane. gli is the plural of lo. gli specchi, gli studenti, gli zeri. *-We listened to two dialogs:* Patrizia ordering "Un caffè e un vino." and then we had to play our part in the conversation. When an Italian answers with, "Sì, c'è ne uno..." it means "Yes, there is one of them..." *-interrogative words: dove?, come?, che cosa?, chi?, perché?, quale?, quando?, quanto? (page 42 and page 96) -The verb fare.* (to do, to make) This verb is used in a lot of expressions. Memorize its conjugation: click on "play triangle"> faccio_________facciamo fai____________fate fa____________fanno click on "play triangle"> Fare la spesa. - To do the grocery shopping. Fare un biglietto. - To buy a ticket. Fare colazione. - To have breakfast. Fare un viaggio. - To take a trip. Fare un giro. - To take a tour. Fare una passeggiata. - To take a walk. Fare finta. - To pretend. Ti faccio vedere... - I'll show you... (I'll make you see...) ...and many, many more! *-Verbi:* We introduced two new irregular verbs. By "irregular", we mean that they are not conjugated following the pattern of all the regular -are verbs. Either the stem changes, or the endings do not follow the pattern precisely. All irregular verbs have to be memorized. **andare (to go) vado, vai, va. andiamo, andate, vanno. venire (to come) vengo, vieni, viene. veniamo, venite, vengono. Verbi: there are three types of regular verbs in italian, defined by their endings: -are, -ere, and -ire. We'll learn the -are verbs first. Take the infinitive: example - parlare (to speak). The stem is parl-** and the ending is -are Take the stem, and change the endings for each person, in this pattern: -o___________-iamo -i___________-ate -a___________-ano So, for example, the regular *-are* verb *parlare* (to speak) is conjugated: click on "play triangle"> parlo__________parliamo parli___________parlate parla___________parlano The regular *-are* verb *aspettare* (to wait for) is conjugated: click on "play triangle"> aspetto___________aspettiamo aspetti___________aspettate aspetta___________aspettano We learned -are verbs which have spelling changes to preserve the sound of the stem. Cercare, dimenticare, pagare, mangiare.... Cerco, cerchi, cerca. Cerchiamo, cercate, cercano Dimentico, dimentichi, dimentica. Dimentichiamo, dimenticate, dimenticano Pago, paghi, paga. Paghiamo, pagate, pagano. Mangio, mangi, mangia. Mangiamo, mangiate, mangiano. *-Verbi:* Read and study pages 79 and 80. Notice what is different about the italian use of these verbs. Ascoltare, aspettare, cercare, guardare, pagare. For example, in English, we say, "I listen to the song." In Italian, the verb "ascoltare" does not mean "to listen", it means "to listen to". Because these verbs already contain the idea of the prepositions "to" "for" or "at", you do not add a preposition in Italian! _ click on "play triangle"> I'm paying for the coffee. - Pago il caffè. I'm waiting for the bus. - Aspetto l'autobus. I'm looking for Claudio. - Cerco Claudio. _ On the other hand, the verbs domandare a..., entrare in..., giocare a..., telefonare a... require a preposition in Italian, whereas in English they do not! _ click on "play triangle"> Entro in chiesa. - I enter the church. Gioco a calcio. - I play soccer. Telefono a Maria. - I'm phoning Maria. _ The tense that we are learning is the present indicative. For all verbs in Italian, the present indicative is used extensively, and can be translated into English in several ways. Let's take one verb as an example: The phrase in English, "I am buying..." is expressed in Italian by just one word: "Compro..." You can get into trouble if you try to translate word by word from English into Italian. Sometimes just one Italian word takes the place of several words in English. The word "Compro..." can mean "I am buying..." or "I buy..." or "I will buy" or "I do buy..." depending on the context. _ *-"Dove"* - practice with places and asking directions. click on "play triangle"> accanto a - next to dietro - behind in fondo a - at the very end of a sinistra - on the left a destra - on the right lontano da - far from vicino a - near to di fronte a - across from, opposite, facing fino a - as far as sempre diritto - straight ahead attraverso - across -more direction words: davanti a... - in front of... giri a destra! - turn right vada dritto! - go straight *-Don't say "it" or "they".* Remember that Italians often leave out the subject pronoun in a sentence, because the verb lets you know what is being talked about. Notice how, in English, we say (for example) "It is nearby." or "It's downtown." In Italian, you often don't say the "it". È vicino. (It is nearby) È in centro. (It's downtown) You will also not use "they": (for example) Sono qui. (They are here) Sono in centro. (They are downtown) *-Parole da ricordare:* Tutto a posto? - Is everything OK? Sì. Tutto a posto. - Yes, everything is OK. Aiutami! - Help me!! Lasciami stare! - Leave me alone!! in anticipo - "early" (in the sense of "earlier than scheduled") in orario - on time, on schedule in ritardo - "late" (in the sense of "later than scheduled") fra poco - in a little while adesso - now subito - soon il mio preferito - my favorite (m) la mia preferita - my favorite (f) ballo, (or) danza - dance tedesco, tedesca - German Sono irlandese di origine. - I'm of Irish origin. suonare - to play a musical instrument "Cin cin!" - cheers! (while toasting) calcio - soccer gioco a calcio - I play soccer andiamo - let's go! aspettiamo - let's wait! mangiamo - let's eat! (note: Any of the "noi" (first person plural) forms of any verb in Italian can mean can mean either "we are _________" or "let's _________" depending on context and tone of voice.) *____________________________* *-Compiti (homework)* *1. Scusi, c'è un bagno qui?* (lavendar handout) Take a look at this two-way translation review exercise. Here's how it works: fold the paper in half. When you have an English sentence, you will try to translate it into Italian. The translation is given on the other side of the page. 2. (green handout from last week) On the back, do section 1. "Can you match the following questions...", section 2. "From the answers..." , section 3. "It's your first trip...", section 4. (the map is illegible, but you could still try to follow the directions), and section 6. 3. Verbs that are not followed by a preposition in Italian (but which do take a preposition in English) and the verbs which *require* a preposition in Italian (which *do not* take a preposition in English. Read pages 79 and 80. Memorize these verbs, their meanings, and how to use them. *4. Memorize the conjugations of andare and venire.* (page 96) *5. Memorize the interrogative words.* (page 96) *6. Memorize the conjugation and meanings of as many of the -are verbs on page 76 (plus lasciare - to leave behind) as you can.* Writing out flashcards, saying these aloud, writing out the conjugations on paper... (The exercises in Practice Set 21 are optional). *7. (optional)* Dov'è? How to ask where something is. (green handout from this week) You can read all five of these dialogs.